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A discretionary trust

This strategy takes one of the previous investment strategies and places it into another structure which you may not be familiar with—a trust.

Trusts are not uncommon and there are many types. There are two types of trusts, however, which are used more often than others. They are:
• discretionary trusts
• unit trusts.

However, for the context of this book, I will focus on one main type of trust and avoid going into too great a detail—discretionary trusts. There are many books that cover trusts and I suggest you get as much background information as possible before you take on this strategy.

So, who is involved in a trust and what are their roles?

There are a number of parties or people involved in a trust. They are:

Appointor The boss, the person with the most control. The appointor has the power to change the trustee and appoint a new one at any time
Trustee The person/s or company that controls the trust
Trust The structure that holds the investment assets
Beneficiaries Owners of the assets and entitled to the income of the trust
Financial Adviser Provides advice and manages the affairs
Solicitor Establishes the trust
Accountant To liaise with the adviser and prepare the regulatory requirements for the ATO

One point to always keep in the back of your mind with a trust; you (as the trustee) are the legal owner of the trust property although you are not the beneficial owner of the assets. The trustee has the responsibility to manage the trust assets and must act in the best interest of the beneficiaries.

Note: I may have already started to confuse you at this point. This area requires sound legal and accounting advice to ensure you have the right trust tailored for your situation. Don’t always assume the ‘off the shelf trust’ is right for you. You are far better to pay more for a tailored structured trust than a run-of-the-mill document.

A discretionary trust is called just that because the trustees (typically the parents in this context) can determine how much income may be paid to the beneficiaries of the trust. It is their discretion. The trustees can vary this amount from year to year.

A discretionary trust can achieve a number of objectives:
• It will take care of your family for the long term
• It has sound asset protection. That is your assets may be protected from creditors.
• A trust can be very flexible. It can assist in sharing the tax burden among your family and/or other members of the trust.
• It can trade in its own way but it is different from your personal tax structure and/or a company tax structure.

Once you have received advice and established the trust you must look at how you will invest and in what asset class. Use one of the strategies outlined in this chapter.

Perceptions of an investor

Now that you have a better understanding of what to invest in and where to go to start, get smart and start today. We are all responsible for our wellbeing and future prosperity. The good news is it’s never too late to start so get going.
Perceptions of an investor—your questions answered
Many people have questions about various types of asset classes and following is an attempt to answer the more common questions I receive.

Can I lose on cash? I thought it was the safest asset.
Cash needs to be invested in order for it to grow. Just leaving your funds in cash will not produce growth in your overall wealth. It needs to be invested or otherwise inflation will eat away at your wealth. Yes, in this sense, you certainly can lose by investing in cash.

Isn’t fixed interest a low risk strategy?
There have been many examples of investors losing money on their fixed interest investments—one example is debentures. Some debentures are backed by second mortgages and when a property markets turns sour or slows down, some property developers are unable to sell their properties and therefore cannot pay back the loan. If you buy a bond for more than its par value (its original issue price) and that bond falls in value, you will lose on that investment if you need to sell it before its maturity.

What advantages does property provide?
Good property is a sound investment if it’s your home. After all, the purchase of your home is also a lifestyle decision. There are tax advantages in owning your own home upon sale , but the home loan is a non-deductible debt. There are no tax advantages with having this type of debt. It’s bad debt.

Capital or capital base The amount of money you originally invest in an asset.

Capital growth or capital gain The increase in value of your original investment or asset.
Income The dollar amount return you earn from investing in an asset.
Total return Income plus capital growth.
Yield The annual rate of income received expressed as a percentage of the original asset value
Direct investments You invest directly into that investment, not through an agent or broker. You have control of how your own money is invested. You decide when to sell, when to buy, and you receive all the income and possible tax benefits. You are also responsible for the taxation implications.
Managed funds A structure whereby investors give their money to be managed by one person or a one-fund manager. The fund manager (the controller) decides what to invest in, when to sell and when to buy.
Industrial shares The shares of companies that are involved in the production or sale of goods and services.
Compounding This is where the investment increases exponentially over time due to interest being paid not just on the original investment or capital, but on the previous interest earnedr as well. Essentially it’s interest on interest.
All Ordinaries index or All Ords A measure of the level of share prices at any given time from a sample of major companies listed on the ASX that measures the overall performance of the share market.

What are asset classes?
The following are investment basics. At the very minimum you should aim to understand the four asset classes and be able to explain them to someone else. The principles of asset classes are very important and will not only prepare you for your approach to saving for private school fees, but also for any other lifetime financial goals you may be aiming for.

There are only four asset classes and they are:
• cash
• fixed interest
• property
• shares.

Schooling in Australia

To start with, it is important that we look at schooling in context of Australia today. To do this we will look at the education system in Australia; the critical factors you should be thinking about when deciding whether or not to place a child in private school, and historical and projected figures for private school fees.

Never before has a good education seemed so important. An increasingly global economy and competitive workforce means the foundations for success need to be set early. With this thought in mind, many parents look to the schooling system to deliver the best outcome for their child.

In Australia, there are two main types of schools:

Government – these schools are fully funded by both the federal government and state and territory governments. Under most state laws they must accept any student. Around 67% of students attend government schools .1

Non-government or private – these schools are governed independently. Many provide a religious or values based education and others promote a particular education philosophy. Around 33% of students attend non-government schools. The non-government schools sector includes:
• Catholic schools – about 60% of non-government schools 2
• Independent schools – about 40% of non-government schools.

Catholic schools are run by the Catholic church Church and generally they are less expensive than other independent schools. Overall, Catholic schools make up about 20 per cent of the Australian schooling system. 3

Independent schools are a diverse group and include: Anglican, Lutheran, Presbyterian, non-denominational Christian schools, Islamic schools, Jewish schools, Montessori schools, Rudolf Steiner schools and schools that specialise in meeting the needs of students with disabilities.

Family belief systems will strongly influence the type of school that you send your child to. The fact you have picked up this book means you are seriously considering the option of a private school education for your child.

Jonathan Cattana School fees 4

Jonathan Cattana School fees 4

Strategy 2 – A geared investment portfolio
With this strategy, you take the savings plan just mentioned, then add ‘fuel’ to it through a strategy called gearing.

What is gearing?
Gearing is where you borrow money to add to what you are already saved or in the process of saving—it’s borrowing more money to invest. This strategy is for those who have been a little ‘delayed’ in saving for their child’s eduction. It can also be referred to as a ‘catch up strategy’. I’m sure there are many of us that this applies to.

Gearing has become popular in Australia over the past 15 years. When the share market is soaring ahead as it has been over the past 3 to 4 years then all goes well. On the flip side when the stock market is moving downwards, and/or interest rates are rising, then losses may occur can accelerate as well . So beware! Gearing means you have borrowed money to invest and you need to pay it back. This type of borrowing or loan may not be suitable for everyone.

You may need to contact your sharebroker or financial planner to set up a geared portfolio. Nothing changes as discussed in Strategy One—you have a choice of investing directly in shares or managed funds.

Gearing can take three different forms: positive, neutral, or negative.

Positive gearing – the income you receive from the total investment is greater than the cost of borrowing the funds.

Neutral gearing – the income you receive from the investment is equal to the cost of borrowing the funds.

Negative gearing – You have more leverage, however the cost of borrowing outweighs the income received, ie., overall there is a loss of income in this strategy.
To begin
To begin a gearing strategy, you need to borrow money to invest from a financial institution (the lender). First you will need to have an existing asset such as available equity in your home—that is, is the difference between the market price of the property and your mortgage debt—an existing portfolio of direct shares or managed funds, and/or simply cash. With some lenders you can also start a regular gearing/savings plan with as little as $250.

There are risks as you are borrowing money to put into an investment. To reduce this risk (known as market risk) and play safe, do not overcommit yourself with borrowing money.

If you decide to invest directly, you will need to choose a sharebroker or online sharebroker to execute the trades for shares or managed funds.
For objective information and comparisons on financial and investment services see www.infochoice.com.au
With any investment, mentally prepare yourself for a long timeframe and remain patient. To gain the most from this strategy, an investment period of no less than seven years is required.

You and your adviser will need to monitor the geared portfolio amount of funds you borrow against your existing asset to ensure you have not over extended when the markets become unstable.

Margin calls
If you have used an existing share portfolio, cash or a mixture of both as equity for the margin loan (this doesn’t apply if you used your home), there is a risk that market fluctuations will reduce your portfolio’s value to a level where it no longer provides adequate security for the loan. Once proces have fallen far enough so that the ratio of the loan to the portfolio value exceeds the maximum set by the lender, the lender will step in and make a margin call.

jonathan cattana

Jonathan Cattana

Financial Advisor Avestra Private Wealth …
7 Jun 2010 … Jonathan Cattana : Avestra Private Wealth Advisor: How to put your children through private school without breaking the bank.
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Booktopia – Your Game Plan … to Saving for Private School Fees …
Jonathan Cattana not only outlines straightforward strategies to assist parents in … Sydney author Jonathan Cattana has spent many years in the financial …
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Jonathan Cattana – Jonathan Cattana Online
21 May 2011 … Jonathan Cattana. Don’t you hate it when a school changes their uniform just as the hand me downs start to come your way! …
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Jonathan Cattana Book
29 May 2011 … Jonathan Cattana, Author. Read his new book about saving to pay for school fees: financial advisor for Avestra Private Wealth Funds.
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Jonathan Cattana Profile : Financial Advisor & Author
14 May 2011 … Jonathan Cattana a profile of the respected author and financial advisor at Avestra Private Wealth………..
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Jonathan Cattana School Fees 2

Jonathan Cattana School Fees 2

The game plan

Step 1
Identify the school you would like your child to attend and what years you would like them to attend.

Step 2
Calculate the total cost for the period of time your child will be in a private school—tuition fees and all the extras—assuming an increase in fees each year of 7% and an increase in inflation each year of 3.5%.

For example, using our 2006 school tuition fee costs from our table in Chapter 3, the total fees for a child starting Year 1 in a Melbourne-based private school in 2007 would be $192,900.
Year Fees
Year 1 2007 $12,000
Year 2 2008 $12,000
Year 3 2009 $13,000
Year 4 2010 $14,000
Year 5 2011 $15,400
Year 6 2012 $15,500
Year 7 2013 $17,000
Year 8 2014 $18,000
Year 9 2015 $18,500
Year 10 2016 $18,500
Year 11 2017 $19,000
Year 12 2018 $20,000
TOTALS $192,900

So, the average cost of private school tuition fees for a child beginning Year 1 in 2007 and completing Year 12 in 2018 (assuming an average increase of 7% per year—not taking into account inflation ) would be $341,000 .

However, if your child started at a private school from Year 8 in 2007 and went through to Year 12, total tuition fees = $125,500

If your child was starts school in Year 1 in 2011 and goes through to Year 12, total tuition fees = $446,900 .
Again, if your child started at a private school from Year 8 in 2011 and went through to Year 12, total tuition fees = $164,500

Again, see my online calculator at www.privateschoolfees.com.au to assist you with these calculations. It will take into account the indexation for inflation and school fee rises for whatever year your child begins school.

Step 3
Choose your asset class and investment strategy that applies to your situation.

Strategy 1 – A simple savings plan
That’s right. Hate to keep reminding everyone of the investment basics but for some reason most people do not know how to save. Australians have had a negative savings pattern for the last 10 years. We are simply not saving and we are spending far too much on consumables.

This strategy requires you to start early—as soon as your child is born. A savings plan is the simplest way to save money. The best way to do this is to create an automatic payment that comes out of your everyday account once a month, straight after pay day, and into your chosen investment.

You will be what they refer to as ‘paying yourself first’.

What if I have no savings at all?
However, if you have nothing saved at all and you need to start from the beginning, your best option is to invest in a managed fund. It is the same principleal as a savings account, you organise a direct debit of a set amount to come out of your account each month that goes into the managed fund.

Which managed fund?
As mentioned previously, the best shares to buy are Industrial shares, therefore the best managed fund to choose is an industrial shares managed fund that pays you as many franking credits as possible.

A note:
• Don’t pay entry fees.
• Do consider using two or three different managed funds, and diversify your risk with each fund manager.

Direct investing
If you have a lump sum and are considering a tailored direct share portfolio, you will need between 15 and 25 stocks, seeking advice would be strongly recommended. There is a lot to consider and learn.

Where possible, invest any additional cash from work, such as bonuses or an inheritance, straight into the savings plan. Ensure that the income from the investment is being reinvested so that it’s compounding and the franking credits are returned back to the plan so that the income stream is added to the overall saved amount.

If you require a savings calculator see www.infochoice.com.au and look under the banking section. Please note, this calculator gives an indication only. An exact figure requires advice from a financial adviser.

It’s amazing how easy this strategy is, but how many people have not yet this plan into action.

Let’s look at a case study.

Case study 1
Names Mary and Phil Evans live in Melbourne
Number of children They have one daughter, Theresa, who will begin school in 2011
Age Theresa turns 2 at the end of 2007
Total family income per annum $110,000
Employment Phil has his own business and seven employees at his manufacturing plant. Mary is an architect and works from home part-time.
Education strategy The goal is to send her to a private school from kindergarten to Year 12.

Strategy choice Simple savings plan
Current savings set aside for schooling $20,000
Figures supplied by MLC Limited

Step 1
Identify the school
Mary and Phil have chosen a Catholic private school in the suburbs of Melbourne and wants to send herim there from kindergarten, all the way through to Year 12.

Step 2
Calculate the cost of tuition and extras
Theresa’s date of birth is 31 November 2005 and she will start kindergarten when she is five years old in January 2011. Theresa will finish Year 12 in 2023.

From the research they’ve done, Mary and Phil have found out that currently the tuition fees for the school are $24,500 a year and they have worked out that the total fees will be $328,000 .

Step 3*
Choose the asset class
Because Mary and Phil have already saved $20,000 for Theresa’s tuition fees, they have chosen to make adopt a regular savings plan and invest in industrial shares, which have a growth rate of 5%, will provide income of 5% and a franking credit rebate on their portfolio of industrial shares of 80%.

Based on these assumptions, the amount that is required to save every month is $870 .

Note: If this is the only child for Mary and Phil, they may wish to consider to stop saving in year 2023 and then sell the down their investment portfolio.

However, by then, Mary and Phil may decide to continue on with the savings plan for Theresa’s university fees or other needs.

*Assumptions
Investment period is 16 years.
Mary and Phil start investing for their child’s education in January 2007.
They pay the required school fees annually in advance at the beginning of the school year.
They invest in an Australian share fund generating a total return of 8.5% pa (split 3% income and 5.5% growth) with franking on the income at 75%. [This is consistent with the long term projected returns for an Australian share fund from MLC’s Investment Management Division.
The Australian share fund is held in Mary’s name and she is subject to tax at 31.5% (including Medicare levy). All figures are after income tax.

Jonathan Cattana School Fees

Jonathan Cattana School Fees

CHAPTER 5
The game plan: strategies for financing private school fees

My favourite holding period is forever.
Warren Buffett

You now know the four asset classes, you are aware of what asset class you should be investing in. Now let’s investigate four different strategies you can consider when saving for your child’s private school fees. Your situation will determine which strategy may work best for you.

Those strategies are:
• A simple savings plan
• Step on the gas—a geared investment portfolio
• Debt recycling—good debt
• A discretionary trust – not just for the wealthy.

A frequent question everyone asks is in what name they should hold their investments in? The answer is: it varies depending on your circumstances. There are three ways in which you can hold an investment. They are in:
1. an individual’s name
2. a company
3. a discretionary trust.

Each of the above has its own positives and negatives. In my case I prefer to hold investments in a company or in a trust. A trust is a great way of controlling assets and yet you don’t own them. More later in this chapter regarding trusts. I would press upon you to seek advice around which structure is best suited for you.

In a moment we will look at each strategy in detail but before we begin we need to understand an important investment definition.

Dollar cost averaging As mentioned before, dollar cost averaging is investing a fixed dollar amount in a managed fund or a direct investment such as shares, on a regular basis for a period of time. It is a wonderful way of entering the share market if it appears to be overpriced.

When approaching dollar cost averaging, you are reducing the price volatility (ups and downs of a managed fund or share) by investing religiously every month. If the price goes down one month you receive more units/shares for your regular monthly contribution. If the price goes up the following month, then you receive fewer units/shares for that month and so forth. You are drip-feeding your savings into the market on a disciplined, regular basis, once a month, twelve months a year. This means you won’t become overly concerned if the market dips. Also, as the market moves higher every month, you won’t be swayed to wait because you think the investment is far too expensive.

Essential steps for all wealth creation strategies
Three essential points you must adhere to for all these strategies are:
1. Maintain a budget. Every dollar must be watched. Companies and other big organisations have them—you need it to. Be prepared for all your yearly expenses. Map it out. Cash flow management is critical to financial success in whatever form.
2. Leave the past behind you. If you have had bad luck before or made a wrong decision on an investment before, please leave that baggage behind. It’s time for a fresh start.
3. Be Patient. If you don’t believe in your financial plan and have doubt about what you’re trying to achieve, it will only make you become impatient and make mistakes. Planning is more than half the battle, be patient and let the plan work for you.
4. Discipline. This speaks for itself.

Jonathan Cattana School Fees

Jonathan Cattana School Fees

THE PRIVATE SCHOOL FEE SURGE

HOW TO AFFORD IT – AND STILL HAVE MONEY IN THE BANK

Australian parents are increasingly looking to put their kids through private schools, but a child born today will cost a staggering $445,000 in basic tuition fees by the time they get through Year 12.

A new book – ‘How to Pay For Private School Fees, And Still Have Money In The Bank’ – explains how parents can provide the type of advantages they believe private schools deliver to their children.

“In 2007, the private school fees for Year 12 will be more than $20,000 and they will continue to grow – taking an ever increasing chunk of our earnings. Even Kindy can cost $13,500 per annum,” notes financial strategist and author, Jonathan Cattana.

“But there are things you can do to, not only put your children through private school, but to also fund their university studies and still have money left over. You don’t even need to be rich to start with.”

DOING YOUR HOMEWORK AND GETTING RESULTS

 Currently, 67% of Aussie students go to a government school. However, there has been a significant trend towards non-government, or private, schools.

 Parents want to give their children the best chance in life and many have lost faith in the public system. During the past ten-years, the number of students enrolled in independent schools increased by 46%.

 In 1955 it cost 129 Pounds to put your child through Year 12, which represented 14% of the average adult wage. In 2005 the cost was $18,000 which represented 33% of the average adult full time wage. On current projections, the 2020 cost will be $53,500 and a whopping 61% of the likely parental paypacket.

 The book – ‘How to Pay For Private School Fees, And Still Have Money In The Bank’ – examines the various reasons why people want to give their child a private education, and how to achieve it.

 Leading financial strategist, Jonathan Cattana, not only explains how to save, but the investment strategies you should be employing to completely underwrite your child’s education. There are a range of options to consider, and the book delivers plain English advice on the best strategies to suit your needs.

 The book details specific ways to beat the crippling cost of a good education and, in the process, develop positive habits for a lifetime: “It’s something that extends beyond school fees, and can establish sound wealth creation for all members of the family,” notes Cattana.

The book is released on Monday December 18, giving people time to start planning for the school year ahead.

• To arrange an interview, contact the author Jonathan Cattana on (02) 8230 3846 or (mob) 0419 201 700

Jonathan Cattana overview

Jonathan Cattana – Jonathan Cattana
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Jonathan Cattana The Author Profile
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Jonathan Cattana : Avestra Private Wealth
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Jonathan Cattana Profile : Financial Advisor & Author
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Jonathan Cattana and the history of the Cattana Wetlands …
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Jonathan Cattana Financial Advisor Avestra Private Wealth …
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Your kids’ money
3 Apr 2007 … According to a new book, How to pay for private school fees (and still have money in the bank) by Jonathan Cattana, you could be spending …
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Jonathan Cattana of Avestra
31 May 2010 … Jonathan Cattana of Avestra Private Wealth: financial advisor for Avestra Private Wealth Funds………..
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